The provision
Art. 1174. Except in cases expressly specified by the law, or when it is otherwise declared by stipulation, or when the nature of the obligation requires the assumption of risk, no person shall be responsible for those events which could not be foreseen, or which, though foreseen, were inevitable. (1105a)
Key points
Except where the law, a stipulation, or the nature of the obligation (assumption of risk) provides otherwise, no one is liable for fortuitous events — events that could not be foreseen, or though foreseen were inevitable (force majeure).
Related provisions
Research aid — not legal advice. Verify the current text against the Official Gazette. Provisions may have been amended or repealed. Using this page creates no attorney-client relationship. For legal advice, consult a Philippine lawyer.