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An employee found to have been illegally dismissed is generally entitled to two principal reliefs: reinstatement to the former position without loss of seniority rights, and full backwages — the pay that should have been earned from the time it was withheld up to actual reinstatement.
Where reinstatement is no longer viable — for example, because of strained relations or a position that no longer exists — courts may award separation pay in lieu of reinstatement, typically one month's pay per year of service, in addition to backwages. The full report explains how these are computed.
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Research aid — not legal advice. Verify the current text against the Official Gazette. Provisions may have been amended or repealed. Using this page creates no attorney-client relationship. For legal advice, consult a Philippine lawyer.