Statute
Civil Code
Article
Art. 1868
Topic
Nature, Form and Kinds of Agency
Status
In force
Book
BOOK IV Obligations and Contracts
Title
TITLE X AGENCY
Chapter
CHAPTER 1 Nature, Form and Kinds of Agency
Formerly
Art. 1709a of the old Civil Code
Year
1949
Cited by
Multiple Supreme Court decisions

The provision

By the contract of agency a person binds himself to render some service or to do something in representation or on behalf of another, with the consent or authority of the latter. (1709a)

Intellegal Wiki · In plain terms

Agency is created when one person agrees to perform a service or act on behalf of and representing another, with that other person's consent or authority. The agent acts for the principal, so acts done within the granted authority bind the principal.

An editorially maintained plain-language explanation of this provision — not legal advice.

Intellegal Wiki · How the courts apply it

In Viloria v. Continental Airlines, the Supreme Court held: Denied the petition, holding that a principal-agent relationship existed (Arts. 1868-1869) but the principal was not liable for its agent's alleged tort without proof of its own fault under Article 2180, that the buyers ratified the contract by seeking reissuance rather than annulment, and that the carrier's refusal was only a casual breach insufficient for rescission under Article 1191, with both parties in default under Article 1192.

One leading Supreme Court case applying this provision.

Cases applying this article

Related provisions in this Chapter

Civil Code, Art. 1868 is found in CHAPTER 1 Nature, Form and Kinds of Agency of TITLE X AGENCY of BOOK IV Obligations and Contracts of the Civil Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 386).

Browse the Civil Code

Search Philippine statutes on Intellegal →

Continue your research on Intellegal

Search Philippine statutes on Intellegal →

Reviewed by the Intellegal Legal Team for currency against amending laws and Supreme Court jurisprudence.

Research aid — not legal advice. Verify the current text against the Official Gazette. Provisions may have been amended or repealed. Using this page creates no attorney-client relationship. For legal advice, consult a Philippine lawyer.