Civil Code Art. 549: Effects of Possession

Statute: Civil Code
Article: Art. 549
Topic: Effects of Possession
Book: BOOK II PROPERTY, OWNERSHIP, AND ITS MODIFICATIONS
Title: TITLE V POSSESSION
Chapter: CHAPTER 3 Effects of Possession
Formerly: Art. 445a of the old Civil Code
Year: 1949

The provision

The possessor in bad faith shall reimburse the fruits received and those which the legitimate possessor could have received, and shall have a right only to the expenses mentioned in paragraph 1 of article 546 and in article 443. The expenses incurred in improvements for pure luxury or mere pleasure shall not be refunded to the possessor in bad faith, but he may remove the objects for which such expenses have been incurred, provided that the thing suffers no injury thereby, and that the lawful possessor does not prefer to retain them by paying the value they may have at the time he enters into possession. (445a)

Cases applying this article

National Housing Authority v. Manila Seedling Bank Foundation G.R. No. 183543
Manuel B. Aloria (Represented By His Attorney-In-Fact v. Estrellita B. Clemente G.R. No. 165644

Related provisions in this Chapter

Civil Code, Art. 546 Effects of Possession
Civil Code, Art. 544 Effects of Possession
Civil Code, Art. 543 Effects of Possession
Civil Code, Art. 555 Effects of Possession
Civil Code, Art. 541 Effects of Possession

Civil Code, Art. 549 is found in CHAPTER 3 Effects of Possession of TITLE V POSSESSION of BOOK II PROPERTY, OWNERSHIP, AND ITS MODIFICATIONS of the Civil Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 386).

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