Statute
Civil Code
Article
Art. 1319
Topic
Statutory provision
Status
In force
Book
BOOK IV Obligations and Contracts
Title
TITLE II CONTRACTS
Chapter
CHAPTER 2 Essential Requisites of Contracts
Year
1949
Cited by
Multiple Supreme Court decisions

The provision

Art. 1319. Consent is manifested by the meeting of the offer and the acceptance upon the thing and the cause which are to constitute the contract. The offer must be certain and the acceptance absolute. A qualified acceptance constitutes a counter-offer.

Acceptance made by letter or telegram does not bind the offerer except from the time it came to his knowledge. The contract, in such a case, is presumed to have been entered into in the place where the offer was made. (1262a)

Intellegal Wiki · In plain terms

Explains that consent forms when a certain offer meets an absolute acceptance on the same thing and cause; a qualified or altered acceptance is instead a counter-offer. When acceptance is sent by letter or telegram, it binds the offeror only once it reaches his knowledge, and the contract is presumed to have been made where the offer was made.

An editorially maintained plain-language explanation of this provision — not legal advice.

Key points

Consent is the meeting of the offer and the acceptance on the thing and the cause of the contract. Acceptance must be absolute; a qualified acceptance is a counter-offer.

Cases applying this article

Related provisions in this Chapter

Related research

In-depth Intellegal research that analyzes this provision.

Civil Code, Art. 1319 is found in CHAPTER 2 Essential Requisites of Contracts of TITLE II CONTRACTS of BOOK IV Obligations and Contracts of the Civil Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 386).

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Reviewed by the Intellegal Legal Team for currency against amending laws and Supreme Court jurisprudence.

Research aid — not legal advice. Verify the current text against the Official Gazette. Provisions may have been amended or repealed. Using this page creates no attorney-client relationship. For legal advice, consult a Philippine lawyer.