- Statute
- Civil Code
- Article
- Art. 1359
- Topic
- Reformation of Instruments
- Status
- In force
- Book
- BOOK IV Obligations and Contracts
- Title
- TITLE II CONTRACTS
- Chapter
- CHAPTER 4 Reformation of Instruments
- Year
- 1949
- Cited by
- Multiple Supreme Court decisions
The provision
When, there having been a meeting of the minds of the parties to a contract, their true intention is not expressed in the instrument purporting to embody the agreement, by reason of mistake, fraud, inequitable conduct or accident, one of the parties may ask for the reformation of the instrument to the end that such true intention may be expressed. If mistake, fraud, inequitable conduct, or accident has prevented a meeting of the minds of the parties, the proper remedy is not reformation of the instrument but annulment of the contract.
Intellegal Wiki · In plain terms
Provides that when the parties truly reached agreement but their written contract fails to reflect it because of mistake, fraud, inequitable conduct, or accident, either party may sue to reform the document so it states their real intention. But if those same causes actually prevented any meeting of the minds, the remedy is annulment of the contract, not reformation.
An editorially maintained plain-language explanation of this provision — not legal advice.
Cases applying this article
- Marvin C. Amistoso v. First Leisure Ventures Group G.R. No. 220542
- Romualdo Anselmo For Himself v. Spouses William Hernandez & Rosemarie Hernandez G.R. No. 154339
- Proceso Quiros v. Marcelo Arjona G.R. No. 158901
- Rita Sarming v. Cresencio Dy G.R. No. 133643
- Spouses Rodolfo M. Covita v. Florentina Marcelino G.R. No. 239178
- Makati Tuscany Condominium Corporation v. Multi-Realty Development Corporation G.R. No. 185530
- Allied Banking Corporation v. Cristina B. Fukuoka G.R. No. 192443
- Multi-Ventures Capital v. Stalwart Management Services Corporation G.R. No. 157439